Am∙beng ku∙sikni dingtangani aro maikai oirkorrangko seani aro gam∙atani - Chanchirimanina seani (A∙we version)

         A∙chikrangni ge 12 dialect-oni, Am∙beng ku∙sikba kotoksa ong∙paa aro jelbra jelsubatgipaba ong∙a. Indake jelbata aro apala biaprango pripra∙ani kri, Am∙beng ku∙sik ganda∙an jolgipinoni adita katta aganbewalrango dingtanggrika indiba ma∙sigrikaia. Ia kan∙dikgipa seanio, ia Am∙beng jolgipinnoni dingtanggrikako janapna mangsongja indiba adita Standard A∙chik literature A∙we ku∙sikoni dingtanggrike aganbewal kattarangkosa janapna mangsonga. Ia A∙we dialect-kosan A∙chik literature-o ra∙chakani a∙selo, Am∙beng ku∙sik aro gipin dialect-rangni aganbewalrangde ta∙raken gima∙angengaha maina jean joltangni kotoktangni ku∙o golpoa uamangde poraia skia dongja ine chonnikaniko chagrongronga. Ia indake joltangni ku∙ko aganon onchepako man∙ani a∙selan, bang∙a poraia skia donggipa aro dal∙drobaenggipa damberangba A∙we dialect-kosan jakkalbataienga. Indiba 2018 bilsioni, Am∙bengni dedrang su∙drang ku∙siktangko gamchatnike aro ma∙ambini ku∙bisringko ripingna ja∙ku de∙chakatengaha. Ian jatna aro Am∙beng deritchurangna katchabeani ong∙a, maina Am∙beng ku∙ni man∙e cha∙ani tangkamgen. Iako aganengon, gipin A∙chik dialect-rangba jekai Atong aro Rugarangba dialect-tangko ripingna ja∙ku de∙na nangengaha.

          Iano, Am∙beng aganbewalni A∙weoni adita dingtanganiko janapna sikbea aro ian Am∙beng Literature Society-ko kulianinaba dakchakbeani ong∙gen ine anga ka∙donga. Ia dingtanganiko angni seanirang ra∙chakgimin standard Am∙beng kattarang ong∙ja indiba Am∙beng ku∙ko segatanio aro ripinganiona maikai niam gita ja∙rike sena jotna man∙gen an∙tangni chanchianikosan ku∙rang on∙ani ong∙enga. Iano angni seani aro janapani iako ja∙rikchongmotna nanga ine mangsongja indiba jinma damsan skorangko dondime chanchianinasa seani ong∙a. Hai an∙ching jinma namdapatanina chanchirimna.

[Am∙beng dialect-chi seako ia link-oniko poraina man∙gen: Am∙beng ki∙sikni dingtangani aro maikai oirkolrangku sina nanga - Chanchirimani (Am∙beng version)]

          Anga garo grammar, english grammar aro phonetics-rangko ma∙sibreja, aro altugipa (simple-o) seaniosan janapaiaha. Saoba grammar-rango aro phonetics-o ning∙tubee ma∙sigiparangko ia Am∙beng literature society-na namdapatna kim∙kro ka∙na nangchongmota. Joljol adita angni nikanirangko aro chanchianiko ku∙rangko (proposal-rangko) niangskana:

     1.    /eng/ → /ong/:

          Bang∙bata ong∙enggipa kattarangon (progressive-rango) jeon A∙we ku∙siko /eng/ katta tongko jakkala, Am∙beng ku∙ode /ong/ ong∙skaa. Mesokna gita:

A∙we - Am∙beng: re∙angenga - ri∙angonga, hi∙angonga; Cha∙enga - Cha∙onga; Ringenga - ringonga

    2.    /s/ → /h/:

Am∙bengo /s/ oikorni palo /h/ oikorko jakkalrongbata. Indiba da∙ororo chasong gitalni Am∙bengrang /s/-koan jakkalbatengaha aro /s/-ni palo /h/-ko jakkalanikode mande gitchamni agananikosan knana man∙engaha.

Bang∙bata kattarangon A∙we katta jangchirango /s/ gnang jakkalgipa∙o, Am∙bengode /h/ oikorkosa jakkalska∙a. Indiba adita A∙we kattao /s/ oikorchi a∙bachengipa kattarangode /h/ oikorko jakkalronggijaniko bang∙a kattarangko nikna aro knana man∙a. Mesokna gita:

A∙we -  Am∙beng: saksa – akha; taningsa – taningha; damsa – damha; sakanti – akganti; paningsa - paningha.

    3.    /r/ → /h/:

A∙weo adita /r/ oikorchi a∙bachenggipa kattarango Am∙bengode /h/ oikorko jakkalska∙a aro mitam jolrango /r/ oikorko ra∙gala ba jakkalskaja. Ia indake agananiko mande gitchamni aganakosan knarongengaha. Mesokani:

A∙we – Am∙beng: re∙bo – hi∙bu, i∙bu; re∙angjajok – hi∙angjajok, i∙angjajok,

    4.    /chi/ → /cha/ ba /i/ → /a/:

Adita kattarango, A∙weo /chi/ katta tongni palo, Am∙bengo /cha/ katta tongko jakkalskabatronga. Minggipin dake talatska∙ode, A∙weo /i/ oikorni palo Am∙bengchi /a/ oikorko jakkalska∙a. Mesokani:

A∙we – Am∙beng: Bachina – bachana; nokchina – nokchana; skulchi – sikkulcha; maichi – maicha, maiacha, ma∙cha, mu∙cha.

    5.    /an/ → /in/:

A∙weo /an/ katta tongo, Am∙bengode /in/ katta tongko jakkalskabatronga. Mitam kattarango /in/-na skang raka dongronge golpoanikoba mande gitchamrang baksa golpogriko knana man∙a, indiba saljolbrakange agananikoba knarongtaia. Mitam kattarango je A∙we kattaoan /an/-na skang vowel donga, ua kattarangode /an/-ni mikkango vowelko jakkalskagijaba agananiko knana man∙skataia.

Mesokani:

A∙we – Am∙beng: nokchianba – nokcha∙inba, nokchainba, [nokchan ( ¡ano A∙weni i-ko jakkalsaja)]; ba∙raan – ba∙ra∙in; tampian – tampi∙in; bachinan – bachana∙in; na∙an – na∙a∙in, na∙ain.

    6.    /e/ → /i/ ba /e/ → /h/:

A∙weni /e/ oikoro, Am∙bengo /i/ oikorko jakkalska∙a. /e/ oikorchi katta a∙bachenganio, Am∙bengo /h/ oikorchiba a∙bachengskaa. Mesokani:

A∙we – Am∙beng: gume – gumi; name – nami; ki∙me – ki∙mi; meja∙o – mija∙o, ong∙e – ong∙i; re∙a – ri∙a, hi∙a; te∙brong bite – ti∙brong biti; lekka sea – rekka sia; on∙dimkal∙e – hon∙dimkal∙i; mande – mandi; de∙ona – di∙ona; e∙king – i∙king, hi∙king, ri∙king; na∙ade – na∙adi; me∙a (male, bamboo shoot) – mi∙a; e∙sal – hi∙sal, i∙sal; eng∙a – heng∙a; enggok ra∙a – henggok ra∙a.

    7.    /o/ → /u/:

Am∙bengo, /o/-ni palo /u/-ko jakkalska∙a. Mesokani:

A∙we – Am∙beng: boning – buning; do∙o – du∙u; soa – sua; kotip – kutip; kotok – kutok; mosa – musa; re∙so – ri∙su, hi∙su, i∙su; ianoan – ianu∙in, ianuin; do∙bok – du∙mok; hoe – hu∙i, u∙i; roa – rua; rorama – rurama, ruamma, (hi∙ramma); goe – gui; poraia – puraia, momin – mumin; sosima – susima, chusima; ripoa – ripbua.

    8.     /a/ → /h/:

A∙we ku∙o, /a/ aro /e/ oikorchi a∙bachenggipa kattarang, Am∙bengo /h/ oikor gnang a∙bachengskaanirangko mande gitchamrangrangni agananiko knana man∙a. Bang∙a Am∙beng kattarangon /h/ oikorchi a∙bachenganiko nikrongbata aro A∙weo /h/ oikorchi a∙bachenggipa kattarang komibea. Indiba da∙ororode, /h/ oikorchi a∙bachengani kattarangko mande gitchamrangni agananinirangna agre, chasong gitalni aganani komibeengaha. Mesokani:

A∙we - Am∙beng: A∙ba – ha∙ba; a∙a – ha∙a; ola – hola; an∙senga – han∙senga, a∙bri – ha∙bri; a∙chik – ha∙chik; an∙ching – han∙ching; on∙dima – hon∙dima; anga – hanga (wa∙alo jakko hanga); am∙a – ham∙a; ang∙ke – hang∙ki, ang∙ki; on∙a – hon∙a, ron∙a.

    9.     /rang/ → /drang/ ba /simang/ → /ong/:

A∙weo /rang/ katta tongko, plural-na jakkala. Indiba Am∙bengo mandena, matburingna aro sambolrangna /drang/, aro mandenasan /ong/ katta tongko, pluralna jakkalska∙a. Mesokani:

A∙we - Am∙beng: manderang –mandidrang, mandirang; do∙oran – du∙udrang, na∙simang, na∙mang –na∙song, no∙ong; matchurang – masudrang; na∙simangba – no∙ongba; me∙chikrang – mi∙chikdrang, mi∙chikkarang.

    10.                       /u/ → /i/:

Adita bang∙a kattarangon A∙weni /u/ oikorko jakkalanio, Am∙bengo /i/ oikorko jakkalska∙anirangkoba nikna man∙a. Mesokani:

A∙we - Am∙beng: ku∙sik – ki∙sik; butchuma – bitchima; bimung – biming; ga∙subebea – ga∙sibibia.

11. /t/ → /d/:
     A∙weo /t/ oikorgnang agangipakk adita  Am∙beng kattarango /d/ oikorko jakkalska∙anirangko nikna gita man∙a. Mesokatani:

A∙we - Am∙beng: dingtang - dingdang; dingtang dingtang, dingtang gatang - dingdang dingdang, dingdang gadang; 

   12.                        Mitam oikorko mitam kata tongo jakkalgijani bidingo:

A∙weo, A∙we ku∙sikni agana ku∙rang gita aro phonetics-ni gita mitam oikorko seanio jakkalja. Indiba ua je oikorkoan A∙we kattarango jakkaljachim (galachim), Am∙bengo seaniode jakkalna ba ra∙gatna nanga ine anga chanchia aro jakkalchina janapaniko dakna ska. Ua oikorrangko Am∙bengoba jakkalgija seode, knatobegipa  mitam Am∙beng jolni aganbewal kattarangde gima∙angkugen. Ua ka∙mao mesokgimin gita segenchimode asol ku∙rango segiminko name poraina man∙a aro ia ripinganiba ong∙gen. Uandake segenchimode katta tongrangkoba (syllable-koba) name bakna altubata. Mesokanirang:

i)                  k → (k + g)→kg:

A∙we - Am∙beng: mikil – mikgil; raka – rakga; riking – rikging; kata – katda; ga∙aka – ga∙akga; baka – bakga, simsaki – simsakgi, sakanti – akganti, cha∙toka – cha∙tokga.

ii)               p → (p + b)→pb:

A∙we - Am∙beng: janapa – janapba; sapa – sapba; a∙bachenggipa – ha∙bachenggipba, a∙bachenggipba; nangchapa – nangchapba, ripia – ripbia;

iii)            t → (t + d) →td:

A∙we - Am∙beng: talata – talatda; on∙ata – on∙atda, hon∙atda, ron∙atda; chotalata – chutalatda, mitam – mitdam; be∙ata (break) – bi∙atda; bi∙ata (request) – bi∙atda.

    13.                        Vowel oikorgri katta tongni bidingo:

Standard A∙chik literature-o katta tong (syllable), vowel oikorgri dongna man∙ja. Vowel oikorgri katta tong dongna man∙jagenchimoba, mitam kattarangode vowel-ko jakkalgija seaniko nikanio, anga gisiktango chanchironga. Mitam kattarangora (jekai, skatang, skia...), maina katta tongo vowel-gri jakkala? Indake chanchienba, ua kattarangko ta∙rake agana, ba ka∙sinkale agana aro ta∙rakprete agana dake nitaitaion ku∙rangoniko on∙titi dingtanganiko ma∙sirikna man∙aha. Je kattaoan, ta∙rakale aganengo ua vowel-ni ku∙rangko (sound-ko) knasraprikgija gita dakpile ta∙raka, uandakgipa kattarango (cha∙mnoka, seng∙gnang, jakskil) vowel /i/ oikorko jakkaljaha aro vowel-gri gita nikaiaha. Ua jeni jatchion vowel-ko jakkalja, uarangara: sp, st, sk, gn, bl, mn, bl, tl, ml, aro sn ong∙a. Ia oikor ge∙gniprakni jatchio vowel / i / oikorni gam∙a ta∙raka aro ta∙rake aganako kna∙aiode, vowel dongja ine chanchiman∙aia. Indiba uandakgipa kattarangko, ka∙sine agantaitaie niode consonant oikor ge∙gnini jatchio oikor / i / donga ine namen ma∙sia. Indiba ta∙rake gam∙atna nangani a∙sel standard literature-o / i / oikorko consonant ge∙gnini jatchio jakkaljaha.

Indiba A∙weo mitam ta∙rake gam∙giparango single apostrophe-ko jakala, jekai p’lak, aro b’laka. Ka∙sine poraiode p’l aro b’l consonant-ni jatchio single aposthophe-ni palo /i/ donganiko uina man∙na, indiba gam∙ani sul ta∙raka. Indiba Am∙bengode jatchio vowel / i / oikorko jakkaloan namgnirarang bang∙gen.

Am∙beng ku∙o, bang∙a kattaoan agansotongani bang∙a. Indiba uandakgipa kattarangode Am∙beng ku∙o ka∙sine aro ta∙rakgija agananiko knarongbata. Uni gimin uandakgipa kattarango jeon standard A∙chik literature-o oikor ge∙gnini jatchio /i/ oikorko jakkaljachim, Am∙bengo sea jotaniode jakkaloan nambata aro altubata, aro bang∙a namgnirang donggen ine ka∙donga. Mesokanirang:

 i)                  / sk /:

A∙we - Am∙beng: skia – sikkia, ska (want) – sikga, sko – sikko, sku – sikku, skroka – sikkrokga, skapong (kosak) – sakgapong, da∙skari – da∙sikkari, skatang – sikgatang, skang – sikkang, ja∙skil – ja∙sikkil.

 ii)               / st /:

A∙we - Am∙beng: stua – sittua, stapa – sittapba, stonga – sittonga.

   iii)            / sp /:

A∙we - Am∙beng: spronga, sponga – sippronga, sipponga, an∙spo moa – an∙sippo moa, spaka (unpleasant taste; push) – sippakga, cha∙spa ringspa – cha∙sippa ringsippa.

 iv)            / gn /:

A∙we - Am∙beng: seng∙gnang – seng∙ginnang, okgnang – okginnang, gnang – ginnang, neng∙gnok – neng∙ginnok, namgnirang – namginnirang, gni – ginni.

 v)             / bl /:

A∙we - Am∙beng: beng∙b’lok – beng∙bilok, b’lek bil∙chek – bil∙ek bil∙chek, b’laka – bilaka.

vi)         / sn /:

A∙we - Am∙beng: sninga – sinninga, sroa snama – srua sinnama, wa∙al snama – wa∙al sinnama, snare – sinnari, sinnaru; snila – sinnila, sinnilla, sneng - sinneng.

 vii)         / mn /:

A∙we - Am∙beng:  mnio – minnio, minniu, cha∙mnoka - cha∙minnokga.

  viii)      / pl /:

A∙we - Am∙beng: p’lak – pilak.

 ix)   / tl / aro / ml /:

A∙we - Am∙beng: nam’long (naked)– namilong; kum’long kut’long – kumilong kutilong; kum’leng sut’leng – kumileng sutileng; t’long t’long ga∙akonbaa – tilong tilong ga∙akkonba∙a.

    14.                       A∙chik standard-o /w/ oikorni bidingo:

          A∙chik standard-o, /w/ oikorni bidingo jakkalna nanga gita gam∙gipa ku∙rango jakkalgijagiparango Am∙bengo seanio jakkalode nambatgen. Angni chanchiani gita standard literature-o mitam kattarango, je A∙we ku∙rangon dipththong / au / ni sulo gam∙anga uarango /w/ oikorko jakkaljaha. Jekai, namnaua, aua aro mikaua. Indiba bang∙a changon Am∙beng sulo, ia kattarang on∙tisa dingtanga. Uni gimin Am∙bengo seanio, /w/ oikorko jakkalna nange nika. Mesokanirang:

A∙we - Am∙beng: namnaua – namnuwa; man∙aua – man∙nauwa, man∙nuwa; aua – auwa, abuwa, abua; dongtoa – dongtuwa, dongtua, ga∙sua – ga∙suwa; guala – guwala, giala.

    15.                       / r / aro / l / oikorrangni bidingo:

Ia / r / aro / i / oikorrangon adita manderang jaja∙anio chagrongronga. Uni gimin, kattani bon∙kamao ba katta tongni bon∙achipakde (ending-o) /r/-ni pal /l/-koan jakkalna nanga. Uandakgipa kattarangko chanchiaton, adita A∙chik ku∙o kattani bon∙achipak /r/-ko jakkalgipa Bengali ba Assamese kattaoni ong∙rongbata ine nikna gita man∙a. Jekai oikor ba oikorrang (A∙we). Indiba Am∙bengo oikol ine jakkalo nambegen. Am∙bengni ku∙rango, / r / aro / l / joljol apsan dongna nangon, / lr / dongna amma indiba / rl / ong∙na amrongja. Mesokani: Oikolrang ong∙na man∙a indiba oikorlang ong∙na man∙ja, oikorlang ine seode ortoan gima∙aha. Apsan dake, bichal (bichar ong∙ja)

    16.                       Ge∙sa oikorko ge∙gni joljol ong∙na kragipani bidingo:

Ia / l /, / m / aro / n / oikorko ge∙gni joljol jakkalna nanggipao changgni jakkaloan nambatgen, ine nambatnika. Jekai, pallonga (palonga) aro pallaming (palaming). Ia ge∙gni joljol consonant oikorko totna nanga gita dakgiparangko namen chanchirimna nangenga: namma ↔ nama, chonna ↔ chona, aro ama ↔ amma.

    17.                         Rakani ja∙man consonant oikorni sul dongchapani bidingo:

Ian dingtangmancha jinma chanchirimna nangani. A∙we raka totani bewaloan ja∙rikangkugenma ma Am∙beng bewalo dingtang ja∙rikgen? Angni nikanio Am∙beng bewalo dingtang tario nambatgen. Rakani ja∙man consonant-ni sul gam∙chapani donggipa∙ode, Am∙beng bewalo rakani ja∙manba rakana skang donggipa oikorkon jakkalo namgen. Mesokatani: chol∙engko → chol∙leng [chol∙-leng], pil∙engko → pil∙leng [pil∙-leng], man∙ako → man∙na [man∙-na], chon∙ako → chon∙na [chon∙-na], ram∙ako → ram∙ma [ram∙-ma] aro nom∙ako → nom∙ma [nom∙-ma].

    18.                       English ku∙sikoniko ra∙srogipa kattarangni bidingo:

Bilsi 2000-na skang, bang∙a A∙chik songrangon poraia skia dongjachim. Poraia skia dongja∙ani a∙selo je kattarangan A∙chik ku∙o dongjachim, English ba British-rangni ku∙siko agan∙paon name gam∙atna changjaha aro an∙tangni man∙atangosa jakkalska∙aha. Indake gam∙atna changjaenba man∙atango agananian da∙o A∙chik ku∙siksa ong∙skabaaha. Mesokani:

English – Am∙beng: half pant – happen; long pant – rongpen, longpen; lasker – ruskol, rusikkol; lamp – lem; lantern – lentin; sandal – sendil; bottle – botil, botol; cycle – saikel; busy – biji; petrol – petdrol aro uandakgiparang.

Agangimin gita bilsi 2000-na skango, an∙chingni ma∙gitcham-pagitchamrangni aganba∙aniko Am∙beng ku∙sik ine ra∙chakanide krabea. Indiba ia da∙o chasong gitalo gipin ku∙sikrangoniko ra∙srogipa aro ra∙chapgipa kattarangko mongsongbate English ku∙oniko Am∙beng ku∙tangona gam∙atdrae jakkalja∙ode nambata aro krabata, maina ia chasongo uigipa bang∙aha, aro knanaba knadika. Chasong gitchamo, rua jarugipa mande gitchamrangni poraia skia dongja∙enba gam∙atna changgijaniko ma∙sichake ra∙chakna kra∙a. Indiba chasong gitalo gipin English kattarangko Am∙beng ong∙atdrajaode nambata. Bebean A∙chik kattarango / f / oikor dongja indiba ia chasongo gam∙atna man∙jaomangba seaniode english katta asolko seoan nambata.
Link- [RAKA - Maidakgipa kattarango totna jakkala]

Pa. Jesse Jamesni YouTube-o ku∙rangko on∙aniko anga namnikbea. Ua agana, je katta∙an an∙ching Am∙beng ku∙siko dongja, ua kattarangko Am∙bengona gam∙drakatanide namja, kraja, knadika aro ong∙ja. Indake Am∙bengo donggijagipa kattako, Am∙bengchi gam∙drakate segenchimode rokkom rokkom neng∙nikanirangko chagrong∙motgen. Jekai, picnic-ko saoba pitmit, sakgipinra pikmit, petnit, pitnit ine rokkomario agangen aro segen. Aeroplane-kora aeruplane, eruplen, iruplen aro saobara iruplain ineba seskagen. Facebook-kora mitamrang pesbuk, pisbuk, Facebuk, pesbook inerang. Mobile-ko mubel, moobel, nudel, mudel, mibel, mibail aro rokkomari an∙tangni namnikatango. English-kora mitamrang engra, inglis, englis, englisit, inglisit, aro uandake namnikatango setokaigen. Indake gipin ku∙sikoniko, ku∙tangona jakkaldrae seode, bang∙a man∙dikbeani dongchongmotgen. Jekai kosako medokatgiparang gita picnic, aeroplane, facebook, mobile aro english inean gam∙atna aro lekkao sena nangchongmota. Uni gimin, Am∙bengo donggijagipa kattakode ku∙sikgipinni gam∙atani suloan baibai gam∙atna aro sena nangchongmota. Skango, chasong gitchamni adita gam∙drakatako ra∙chakana agre ia chasongode gam∙drakate jakkalna nangchongmotja.

An∙chingni sea jotanio, ku∙tango katta dongjagenchimode asol english kattakon jakkalna nanga aro english-ko jakkalchanirango aro sechapgiparango hyphen (-)-chi dingtangate (separate ka∙e) sena nanga. Jekai ia article-o segimin gita, chong∙mot english kattao A∙chik ku∙ko ra∙chapa ba jakkalchapa dongode, hyphen-ko jakkalaha. Kosako angni segiminko mesokatenga: dialect-o, literature-o, dialect-rangni, society-ko, phonetics-rangko, simple-o, proposal-rangko, sound-ko, vowel-gri aro gipinrang. Ua indake seon niaba nitoa aro porainaba poraitoa.

Maikai Am∙bengo sena jotna nanga jinma chanchirimosa, namgipa bite nanggen. Ong∙jaode an∙tangtangni namnikatangosa setokaigen, aro ian poraina miksulbeani ong∙gen. Am∙beng ku∙sik b’longen apala, aro uarang gimikkon galchangjana ripingnade je jol gimik biapon Am∙beng deritchurang donga, ua Am∙bengrang re∙bachimonge chanchirimna nanga.

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[Am∙beng dialect-chi seako ia linkoniko poraina man∙gen: Am∙beng ki∙sikni dingtangani aro maikai oirkolrangku sina nanga - Chanchirimani (Am∙beng version)]

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"Am∙beng ki∙sik bilongi∙in apbala". Iani bidinguba aditda talatdaniku sijotdetna mangsongonga, maina kuna noksikni asol Am∙beng wekbiwalku gima∙atna nangjawajok.